But theyre allergic to rules. The three most common leadership styles include skill based, trait based, and behavior based approaches. Not in China. His father, Ma Chenshu, moved to Shenzhen to work as a port manager when Huateng was quite young. The option of the multi-case approach for the testing is the most fitting in the explained context, given the limited number of possible samples and the unquantifiable nature of the analysis. Nine is also a number in the range of similar studies conducted in the past. Shenzhen also ranks at number 3 in China, and 4 in East Asia. Jobs was raised by adoptive parents in Cupertino, Californiain Silicon Valley. He applied the term transformational instead of transforming. Bass argued that transformational leadership has four constitutive parts [6, 7] which are (1) idealized influence, (2) inspirational motivation, (3) intellectual stimulation, and (4) individualized consideration. During the last two decades, there is an increasing number of leadership theories and frameworks. In 2000, Ma turned to US investment firm IDC and Hong Kong's telecom carrier Pacific Century CyberWorks (PCCW) who bought 40 percent of Tencent's shares for US$2.2 million. WeChat is the worlds largest instant messaging application, with 48 percent of Internet users in the Asia-Pacific area using it in 2015. Later, Microsoft also played a key role in another emerging industry: gamingXbox [68, 69, 70]. Ma upgraded the messaging platform by allowing QQ users to send messages to mobile phones as the pager market declined. Finally, Ortega saw an opportunity of appealing to a much broader audience by selling garment at extremely competitive prices. We are still striving to create something really cool, trying to create things we couldnt even imagine without our new technologies. As organisations grow larger they often become insular and bureaucratic. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. He didnt want to lead, he said. In 1976, back in Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs and his former friend, Stephen Wozniak, worked on a computer design of their own, the Apple I [39]. In 2004, the three partners moved to Palo Alto, California, where venture capitalist Peter Thiel invested in the firm. He is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Tencent, one of the most valuable companies in Asia, one of the largest internet and technology companies, and one of the biggest investment, gaming and entertainment conglomerates in the world. Both hubs developed a long list of innovations [53]. In June 2004, Tencent raised nearly US$200 million in the capital market [94]. With a click on a red envelope icon, gifts of money could be sent to friends and family. The list includes personal computers, music distribution, tablet computing, mobile phones and digital publishing. Two months later, one team presented WeChat, a text messaging and group chat software that was released in January 2011. During the second quarter of 2020, the company posted net sales (revenue) of RMB 114.83 billion. They dont have to unlearn bad habits. Under Mas leadership Tencent greatly expanded its offerings to provide users with a range of what the company described as online lifestyle services. In addition to instant messaging, those services included e-commerce sites, online media outlets, gaming and other interactive entertainment, social networking sites, online advertising, and online payment processing. Ma's leadership style changed from transactional leadership to transformational leadership. I am still clinging to this enthusiasm [95]. TENCNET PONY MA ZIXIN LUO(RITA) 4010255 Outline Outline Pony Ma's background TENCENT PONY MA'S MANAGEMENT STYLE CONCLUSION References list Pony Ma's Achievement LEADERSHIP STYLE Pony Ma' background Pony Ma's background He was born on October 29, 1971. The definition of entrepreneurial leadership can be traced back to different theories about entrepreneurship [14], entrepreneurial orientation [15, 16], and entrepreneurial management [16]. Wang Dan-ting is the wife of one of China's richest men, Ma Huateng, the founder of Tencent and QQ. Second, if youre into gaming, chances are youre playing on a platform owned by Tencent. In 2003, Jack Ma created a new company, the consumer-to-consumer online marketplace Taobao (meaning Chinese in searching for treasure). He wanted, simply, to create excellent products and have the co-founders see a return on their investment: I focused on product and Tony Zhang focused on technology. [43] He owns a redeveloped palatial residence of 1,820m2 (19,600sqft) in Hong Kong.[43]. Including the selection of cadres, the character is very important. Taobao did not charge a fee but made money from online services and advertising. A service starts with the satisfaction and needs of its users in mind and is de ned by those two things, he wrote on WeChats internal platform in April 2017. Ma Huateng November 30 2022 Review Non-Fiction Influence Empire can Tencent negotiate China's shifting political winds? Mandi is an experienced writer on various topics with a passion for telling stories with words. Lulu Chen's book charts how the success of WeChat has placed Pony Ma's. Pony Ma's leadership style can be as unusual as his nickname. Ortega first applied this approach in a bathrobe business, Confecciones Goa, company that he founded in 1963. Ma Huateng is a business magnate, an entrepreneur, an engineer, a philanthropist, and an investor. Licensee IntechOpen. Alibabas growth was fast. Ma Chenshu, his father, acquired a position as a port manager in Shenzhen, and the young Ma went with him. She's been named one of Fortune's World's Greatest Leaders, Fortune's 40 Under 40, a WSJ Magazine Innovator of the Year, a Future Lion of New York by the New York Times, a Harold W. McGraw, Jr. Prize in Education winner, one of the 50 Most Powerful Women in New York by the New York Daily News, CNBC's Next List, Forbes's Most Powerful Women Tencent developed an online gaming platform in 2004 and began selling virtual goods (weapons, gaming power) as well as emoticons and ringtones to support the games produced on that platform. How? However, 2years later, he closed his first company because of strong competitors such as Chinesepage [91]. It was a revolution. With that purpose, they devised a new type of search engine tool to track the backing links of each site. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. Jack Ma, the former English teacher who founded Alibaba, is the antithesis of his namesake: fting world leaders, setting bold targets and his penchant for shooting from the hip leave his minders. Away from Chinas rewalled internet garden, you can live quite happily on a diet of other digital services. Tencent, which owns a stake in. Here's an overview of eight common leadership styles, from autocratic to visionary, with a look at the benefits and challenges of each style: 1. Ma quickly embraced open-source software. He is the founder, chairman, and CEO of Tencent, one of Asias most valuable corporations, one of the worlds largest Internet and technology companies, as well as one of the worlds largest investment, gaming, and entertainment conglomerates. From the revenue distribution of Tencent in recent years, we see an incredible increase in FinTech and business services from 2018. We should not give up the dream of scoring stunning goals in the science and technology . Still, there are little doubts that Page congregates the four attributes that define a visionary leader, as several authors already validated in their studies [18, 57, 58]. In the case of the selected framework, the results are the ones that tell if this choice was right. China 2015, 20, 99-104. Internal battles, where two teams can As Steve Jobs, Mas idol, once quipped, If you dont cannibalise yourself, someone else will. Then, in 1975, Ortega started the first Zaras ready-to-wear clothing store. Unlike Western app constellations, Tencent combines as many features into one app as possible. Elements of disruptive innovation can be found in at least four of the items in Apples list: personal computers, music distribution, tablet computing, and digital publishing. By 1869, he thought that he had made enough progress with a duplex telegrapha device capable of transmitting two messages simultaneously on one single wireand abandoned telegraphy for full-time entrepreneurship. Creating back doors was a ring oence. It was even risky, he thought, to rely too much on the founding team. We have added your email address to our mailing list and we hope you enjoy our thought leadership. The internet sector in China is politically policed, but it is also lightly regulated. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. iPhones would belong to the category of revolutionary innovations [40, 41, 42, 43]. Tencent's popular social messaging app WeChat has more than 1 billion users. Ma is China's richest man, with a net . Leadership Styles during Disruption: A Multi-Case Study Written By Alberto Abadia Submitted: July 8th, 2022 Reviewed: September 13th, 2022 Published: October 28th, 2022 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108029 IntechOpen Leadership - Advancing Great Leadership Practices and Good Leaders Edited by Joseph Crawford From the Edited Volume [37], In December 2015, Ma announced that Tencent would build an "internet hospital" set up in Wuzhen that will provide long-distance diagnoses and medicine delivery. Next, the chapter describes a conducted multi-case study that tested the actual possible correlation between the chosen leadership framework and the profile of the leaders of their disruptively successful corporations. Please try again later. Ma Huateng is also the youngest amongst the first 15 multi-billionaires in the world. A widely accepted framework developed and tested by Conger and Kanungo [10, 11, 12, 13] defines four characteristics in charismatic leaders: (1) possessing and articulating a vision, (2) willing to take risk to achieve the vision, (3) exhibiting sensibility to the needs of followers, and (4) demonstrating noble behavior. On the back of ballooning mobile use by 2012 China could boast that 89% of the population were users, more than in all European countries combined WeChat soared. These two leadership styles shaped Tencent's markethierarchy orientation culture and teamwork\innovation orientation culture respectively. In this Special Edition of the AIB Review, leading industry professionals and members of AIB's Marketing and Entrepreneurship faculty deep dive into the need-to-know industry trends and issues that lie ahead. Here are further demographic highlights of the leadership team: The Tencent executive team is 50% female and 50% male. Openness Huateng is the chairman, founder, and CEO of Asia's most valuable company and also one of the largest internets and technology companies across the globe Tencent. According to Ma, "giving up is the greatest failure. An interesting quote in terms of leadership styleas a paradigm of invention versus innovation in practiceis this one: In America, when you bring an idea to market, you usually have several months before competition pops up, allowing you to capture significant market share. He considered the next generation better positioned to dream up the next big product idea. A recurring leadership style in this paper is the transformational le adership style which, according to Northouse (2004), is "one of the current approaches to leadership that has been the focus of much research since the early 1980s" (p. 169). [3][4][5] The company develops China's biggest mobile instant messaging service, WeChat, and its subsidiaries provide media, entertainment, payment systems, smartphones, internet-related services, value-added services and online advertising services, both in China and globally. Tencent is also the world's largest gaming company, and amongst the world's largest technology investors, social media networks, and web/mobile app makers. What do they fundamentally do wrong? Tencent subsequently gained the backing of two overseas venture-capital firms, and in June 2004 the firm raised nearly $200 million when it went public on the Hong Kong stock exchange. Ma Huateng - better known as "Pony Ma" - is the elusive founder, chairman and chief executive of China's titan tech rm Tencent. He required complete openness and insisted that all Amazon teams plan and design service interfaces so they can be exposed to developers in the outside world. Tencent also create Qzone, which boasted 670 million monthly users by 2015 [94]. In order to choose the specific companies or cases, disruptively successful firms, the following three criteria were applied: (1) the pool of chosen companies should be located in, at least, three different geographical realms i.e. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. By 2016, it employed 40,000 people, up from 1,000 in 2004. Ma sensed this threat: Some say that mobile internet just means adding mobile in front of the internet as an adjective, but I felt it was more than an extension. Ma Huateng better known as Pony Ma is the elusive founder, chairman and chief executive of Chinas titan tech rm Tencent. Therefore, the list of multinationals and leaders included in the study is as follows: Toyota Motor Corporation; Taiichi Ohno. Innovation Then again, innovation takes many forms. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Mas management style shifted from transactional to transformational leadership. Effectiveness of leadership style. The 46-year-old magnate shies away from the spotlight, preferring to lead rather decisively from the shadows. Shenzhen is an ideal place to locate for Hardware & IoT, Ecommerce & Retail and Marketing & Sales startups. Toward the end of the second world war, Taiichi Ohno worked as a production engineer for Toyota, a Japanese car manufacture founded in Japan by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 [83]. While its Western peers face further scrutiny on privacy, Tencent is less restricted. Rev. Ma Huateng has built Tencent through transformational leadership behaviours, including his vision of continuous innovation, encouragement of experimentation, and modelling that innovative spirit. 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