: Amish people are required to attend church every Sunday. If you remember the school shooting at the Nickel Mines Amish school, you may also remember that the families of the victims actively forgave the shooter, Charles Roberts. They follow a set of rules called the Amish Ordnung that dictate every aspect of their lives, from what clothes they wear to how they conduct business. Women also pass important skills and knowledge down to the next generation, such as cooking, cleaning, and sewing. They will avoid going to the law if they possibly can, preferring to forgive rather than seek restitution. To put it simply, people living in mainstream America would consider Amish laws and punishments to be harsh, butits important to note that not all Amish follow the same rules. They believe in care for plants and animals, and working to better the land, never doing anything to harm it. Answer (1 of 11): > "If a man destroy the eye of another man, they shall destroy his eye. Amish marriages are not performed by a minister but rather by the community's elders. Unfortunately, this leads to inbreeding, genetic defects. This includes feeding them, dressing them, and playing with them. This allows them to get to know each other without the distraction of physical contact. But, in bizarre acts of punishment, there have been incidents where Amish will cut off the beard of another man they disapprove of to bring shame upon him. An Amish girl in one community gets engaged to an Amish boy in another Amish community. ** total_quantity ** | ** unit_price ** / ** unit_measure **, What Do the Amish Believe Happens After Death. Every Amish worker pays taxes to the government, but they will not use Social Security at the age of 60, 70 or any age. If they haven't been baptized, they can't be punished with the ban (meidung), but they may not be very welcome in the family home. An Amish community, with help from the ACLU, argues that Lenawee County is violating its religious freedom by demanding it stop using outhouses and spreading human waste in fields. This is based on the biblical principle of wives being submissive to their husbands (Ephesians 5:22-24). Still, some Amish teens may date an English person, but even that activity brings its own complications with it. However, they must cover their hair when they are outside of the house, using a scarf or bonnet. Sometimes mistaken for Amish, Mennonites are a group of Christians that formed during the Protestant Reformation. It's common for Amish victims to be viewed by the community as just as guilty as the abuseras consenting partners committing adultery, even if they're children. Corporal punishment is a common form of discipline in Amish homes. So, if youve ever wondered what it's like to be Amish, this list is for you. It's about sexual abuse - specifically, among the Amish. The Amish believe that taking a life is the ultimate sin. The crime of contravention is an act or omission that is punishable under the UAE penal code with punishment which will amount to custody of the accused for at least 24 hours and which may last upto 10 days only along with the fine not exceeding 1000 Dihrams. Whether a baby is born to a single mother from the bundling practice or because she got too involved with her boyfriend doesn't really matter. Their intentions are announced in the church, and their wedding happens after harvest is complete. The Amish craftsmanship is second to none, and is prized for quality. 9. , not computers. Dentures don't get infected. Subscribe by email to get updates from Amish [], Check to be notified of comments on this post, Missouri Amish Abuse Story | Amish America, Amish readily cooperate with law enforcement, 5 Things Youll Find in Progressive Amish Communities, Could Amish be headed to your neighborhood? Those convicted of rape will be excommunicated. They turn to their community. However, there are some legal exceptions related to schooling, workplace regulations, and insurance requirements. The Amish believe in nature as a friend, and they always live in rural communities and work the land. Many of their customs are based on the teachings of the Bible. Of course, different groups have differing beliefs. They are also fully clothed, except for stockings/socks and shoes. They also teach them to craft useful items like. Men are the ones who typically hold leadership positions in the Amish church. Parents want to begin working with their children and teaching them about work and life when they are still young, not when they are ready to move out on their own. , women must also wear a bonnet covering on their head when attending church services. Amish have no courts and no punishments attached to a given crime. All Amish people can be traced back to one religious group led by Jakob Ammann in Switzerland beginning in 1693. Amish women are just as busy. Amish men must grow their beards without restriction. There's a good reason for the divide between the Amish and English. This means there is a very small pool of genes from which couples can choose. It's a way of permanently removing someone from the Amish community and is consistent throughout every type of Amish community. All of the reasons for these restrictions lie in their Biblical beliefs. They have disgraced both the place where I am worshiped and my holy name, and so I will turn against them and no longer let them belong to my people. You may have heard that Amish children's dolls are deliberately made without facial features so the Devil won't have a view about what the child or her family are doing. This obedience extends to other adults in the community, such as teachers and pastors. A wildlife case can include prosecution of both individual and organizational perpetrators; disgorgement of proceeds from illegal conduct such as smuggling; punishment that includes community service to help mitigate harm caused by the offense; forfeiture of wildlife and instrumentalities used to commit the offense; and sharing of forfeited Legislators, prosecutors disagree on Colorado law that changed punishment for certain drug possession. It's also pretty interesting that the girl won't have to have the information pulled out of her. Many people have asked the question, What is Amish? Thats a complicated question to answer, because the Amish people cant be summed up in a few simple explanations. Discipline starts at a young age in Amish homes and is viewed as an integral part of Amish culture. A sports lover who thinks health and family comes before all other things. This doesn't mean that Amish women are treated as second-class citizens. Wiki User. This punishment was often used in colonial times for people who failed to pay their taxes. Factors like peers, parental pressure to varying degrees, desire to marry someone in the church, and of course, religious convictions all factor into it. But, they do not always wear their prayer coverings. If you pray, I would ask that you pray for all of them. This form of punishment is seen as a way of protecting the community from those who have committed serious offenses. The Amish do what they can to eat healthy and avoid allergens so they don't have to rely on pills, injections or inhalers. Their homes have conventional items such as under-bed baskets and sewing baskets. . One of the things that separated the Amish from others were the Amish way of life, ways of living that designed to avoid the distractions and temptations of the wider world. Some of the teens may decide to run away and live English permanently. The Amish believe in hard work and living a simple life. You can enter your email address to stay updated about new handmade goods and events from our Amish families. If they decide that they want to get married, they will usually marry within a year or two. And moms need their daughters to help with baking or quilting. They believe that, if they mingle often and freely with the English, they endanger their desire and goal of humility and living the plain life. They follow a set of rules called the. 4 Clothing, Dress, and Personal Appearance of the Amish. The community contributes to a community-wide fund that is intended for anyone within the community. The Amish will first try to work out their differences through mediation. This means that, while solar panels may be perfectly acceptable for the more-liberal community, they would be forbidden in the Old Order community. Theyre expected to help with chores around the house and on the farm and theyre expected to do well in school. This form of discipline is seen as a way of teaching children to be obedient and respectful. This includes long dresses, bonnets, and aprons. They're not allowed to live in Amish settlements or participate in any Amish activities. Exactly what those things he is referring to are, is unclear from this piece. They read Amish bible verses just like Christians do. Theyre not allowed to wear any type of clothing thats flashy or attention-seeking. Gun laws target the good guys. Server responsed at: 03/01/2023 6:37 p.m. All texts are contributed by our excellent writers. Theyre also expected to help with the chores on the family farm, such as milking cows or gathering eggs. They are expected to provide for their families and to be the primary breadwinners. She won't. Pennsylvania Dutch predominantly, children must learn English to communicate with the outside world when necessary. As an American made woven basket company, you can be assured that your decorative basket will be handcrafted in the USA. Bundling is the rather odd practice of a young courting couple being bound in two separate blankets and laid together on a bed for intimacy that does not involve sexual contact. When someone is excommunicated, they're no longer considered Amish. Once this has been done, they'll get dentures. They believe that too much technology can lead to greed and materialism. The Lavina & Markus Swarey,are the most dishonest people I have came across.They have been lying to me from the first day I did buisness with them.I bought 1 Belgain 1 Perchon studs from them,asked an was told they were both registered without papers breeding is pointless for my buisness,waiting for papers I paid the Belgain off he is with me,half on Percheron still at there place still waiting for them to give us the papers all Ive been getting is excuse after excuse for 8 months now Iam patient gave them time to get them,but really enough,now they dont think they should give me my money back for horse they have or papers for the one I have.Told them I was taking them to court for fraud an theft,their reactions was they dont answer to our court system.My husband calls them posers they hide behind their beliefs when need to but will lie an cheat anyone for a dollar I hope the Swarey family in Salem Ind. Victims are expected to share responsibility and, after the church has punished their abuser, to quickly forgive. The Amish are a group of people who follow the teachings of Jacob Ammann, a 17th-century citizen of Switzerland. This is done purposely, allowing the teen to make up his or her mind about whether to live Amish or English. When criminal offenses occur, the law must become involved. All rights reserved. They believe technology is a distraction from the important things in life, such as family, community, and God. As a rule, Amish readily cooperate with law enforcement. According to Amish church Sunday rules, women must also wear a bonnet covering on their head when attending church services. Think about the dolls you or your children may have owned. While it is falling out of fashion in Amish communities, bundling - also known as "bed courtship" -is still practiced by some ultra-conservative Amish today. There are a set of rules all Amish kids must obey. This doesn't mean that Amish women are treated as second-class citizens. High German is studied for church services. The Amish do not have televisions, radios, or computers in their homes. Women are viewed as a lesser species, without the same feelings and capacity for suffering than men. Parents may also use verbal and emotional forms of discipline, such as scolding or shaming. Because Amish children leave school at 14, they enter the workforce at this age. A Colorado law, enacted in March 2020, made the possession of four grams or less of controlled substances listed in Schedule I or II a misdemeanor rather than a felony. Amish men are also expected to be the head of the household. Did You Find Our Blog Helpful? Even though shunned individuals are still technically members of the community, theyre treated as if they don't exist. Their history goes back to at least 1693, when a group of Anabaptists chose to break off into their own church, led by Jakob Ammann. The question remains as to how often criminal acts in Amish communities go unreported? Using electricity from other sources is avoided, as it is seen as a way to connect with the broader world. Instead, they rely on horses and buggies for transportation. . Breaking Amish rules can also result in ex-communication from the community. Amish Laws and Punishments The Amish legal system is based on the Ordnung, which is a set of rules that guide everyday life. This doesn't mean that theyre not allowed to see each other or talk, but rather that they cannot participate in community activities. The Amish have a deeply disturbing source for their music Via: Flickr.com We know that the Amish aren't allowed instruments but there's a disturbing history behind their only songbook. Think Twice, Amish Buggy Light Law Violators Go To Jail In April, Residents Speak Out: No Liquor Store In Shipshewana, Judge Discusses Prison For Amish After New Citations; Letter from Amishman Harvey Hostetler, 2018 Amish Population: 330,000 Amish in 4 Countries, PA Township Wont Require Horse Diapers & Rubber Shoes After All, 3 Amish Children Killed By Drunk Driver In Michigan. Amish children are expected to obey their parents. Federal child labor laws say they can't do so until they are 18. That's a traditional Christian group based in rural areas in the Mid and Northwest, which many people might know by their adherence to. However, once they return they must shun English living and devote their life to the Amish church. I am sure there are incidents of violence and abuse among the Amish, as there are among all large groups of people and within all communities. There are two main types of punishment in the Amish community: shunning, ex-communication. It is typical for a teen to be disrespectful at least once in a while. the legal system would agree with the public and not the amish. She may even operate her business away from the family home. Married women wear black bonnets, while unmarried women wear white ones. If you're caught dressing inappropriately, you may be shunned. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Congress defined a hate crime as a criminal offense motivated in whole or in part by all of the following offender biases EXCEPT, _____ amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to enhance penalties for offenses that involve a motivation bias., All of the following are considered hate crimes motivated by person's status as homeless . Amish populations follow most laws and pay income and property taxes. This includes wearing long skirts and dresses that cover the arms and legs, as well as using only natural fabrics such as wool or cotton. They believe that children need to be disciplined in order to learn right from wrong. The Amish legal system is based on the Ordnung, which is a set of rules that guide everyday life. Opening Hours : Monday to Thursday - 8am to 5:30pm Contact : (915) 544-2557 amish laws and punishmentsnumber of vacancies calculator This is because the Amish believe that men and women are equal in the eyes of God. These dolls are usually made out of cloth and stuffed with cotton or wool. The Amish don't believe in Social Security, since it cuts into their commitment to mutual aid, which they practice within their individual communities. Some of those people apparently believe that the Amish way of life is inherently violent and abusive towards women, for example, and the fact that they cannot always get in must really bother them. The Amish believe that technology leads to sin and corruption. They will go on buggy rides and visit each other's homes. In the event that they do need to see a doctor, they will still continue to use their own remedies along with the medications prescribed by the doctors. See answer (1) Copy. Two Amish brothers have pled guilty to molesting their 13-year-old sister but none of them will likely be serving prison time. The Amish are a conservative Christian sect just like Mennonites who live in close-knit communities in the US and Canada. They invoke the biblical proverb of "spare the rod, and spoil the child" in both home and school settings. At 16, Amish teens enter a time of life called "rumspringa." They are also expected to have a beard after they get married. 6 Religious Services See movies or listen to secular music? Women wear bonnets, full-length dresses, capes and aprons. This article provides comprehensive coverage of the Amish legal system, and how punishments are meted out. When an Amish person is excommunicated, other members practice meidung, or shunning, a process that involves cutting off all communication with the offending member. Though the. Fines, incarceration and, in some cases, certain acts of restitution are the most common forms of punishment meted out to criminal offenders by society through the . They dont believe in working to the point of exhaustion. They believe technology should be used for practical purposes, not entertainment. At the same time, in smaller, more isolated, and often more conservative and closed settlements, the likelihood of a criminal act being absorbed by the community is probably greater. The specific acts that qualify as criminal conduct will depend on a particular state's laws, as will what the actual crime is called in that jurisdiction's courts. Why do the Amish still do this? The Amish don't completely shun Western medicine, but they do approach medical care very differently. "The Amish emphasize the simplicity of life, plainness of life. Here's where it gets interesting: She'll be required to answer to each incident of intimacy, giving pertinent details. They take pride in their handiwork and believe its a reflection of their faith. Because they believe that, at the end of their lives, Gott will judge how well they lived by the rules of their church through their entire lifetime. Instead, the person will come before the church body and hopefully, confess to his sin and profess his repentance. Amish men are also expected to avoid tight-fitting or revealing clothing. The Amish, a sect of the Anabaptists, have several beliefs and practices that may seem a little strange to us. One Bible verse in particular seems to bear this out: "Come out from among them and be ye separate, saith the Lord." . Amish women arent allowed to cut their hair. How many English students have that background underneath their belts by the time they walk across the stage at graduation? The men wear plain white or solid-colored shirts. The child may also begin to regard her doll with pride, which is a sin. Although we largely consider the Amish people German, children are expected to learn English in school and must take their studies seriously. The Amish believe that marriage is a sacred institution. Priests advise abused wives to win their husbands' good will through increased devotion and obedience. Do it! The Amish people dont use modern transportation, and instead walk or use bicycles, or horse-drawn buggies. The degree of consanguinity may even be within second or third cousins. Punishment is society's solution to the injuries it suffers through crime. This is a form of punishment that is used to correct bad behavior. They work until lunch, take a break, then work again until evening, including milking the cows and tending to the animals once again. Just read an interesting article in the Mount Vernon News about the relationship between law enforcement and Amish in a few Ohio communities. The management is comprised of a board of directors made up of parents. Boys and men wear plain clothing, such as solid-colored shirts, pants with no pockets or zippers, and collarless coats. The practice has died out in most of the world (it was practiced by some non-Amish too) but in the Pennsylvania Amish communities it is still to be found. Quilting is another popular activity among Amish women. Amish men and women will rely on each for food, health, construction, and care giving (to name a few), and if technology is allowed, then it has the potential of damaging their community. At the same time, that cooperation is not necessarily universal, and as one of the sheriffs points out, without a victim, theres little we can do.. All rights reserved. Keep reading. But how does Amish law deal with those who break the rules? Children are seen as a gift from God, and Amish parents take their responsibility to raise them seriously. Each person is bound in a blanket, then they lie down on the bed together. Their dedication to isolation and commitment to traditional family values have prompted some to question if the Amish are a cult, but it's a robust and thriving Christian sect. They begin their day with preparing breakfast and helping with the milking, then preparing the children for school. This can include serving on school boards, on local committees, and in other positions. mores: A set of moral norms or customs derived from generally accepted practices.Mores derive from the established practices of a society rather than its written laws. This practice allows courting couples to go to bed with each other. They are simple in design and usually have no facial features. A post shared by kat (@lawlkatz) on Jul 18, 2013 at 9:00pm PDT. This is reflected in their clothing. The Amish also believe marriage should be between a man and a woman. The Amish don't believe in electricity because they don't want to be "of the world." Amish may join the church as early as 18 (or in some cases, even earlier) or as late as the latter half of their 20s (and in rarer cases later). Located on the border between Iowa and Missouri.Privacy PolicyAccount Login/Sign Up, may seem strange to outsiders, but its worked for them for centuries. This is one of the most important roles for Amish men. Then Consider Checking: We are the online marketplace for Old Order Amish families who live and skillfully weave high-quality handmade wicker baskets in an Amish community in the Heartland. This includes talking to people who are not Amish, using phones, and watching television. God's law. Amish children are taught that hard work is important. What to learn more? Okay, while this basically means that female equality is pretty much unheard of in Amish households, it doesn't mean that mamm (mom) will be treated as a second-class citizen. All of the reasons for these restrictions lie in their Biblical beliefs. In Ashland County, some Amish are citing their religious beliefs and have told a judge they don't plan to obey the law and that "paying a fine is not an option." They must maintain a close relationship with their families. The Amish believe that, if a child's doll has a face, it won't conform to their Plain values. Local residents are backing the Amish. Speak with them in a calm, rational way about why it's important . They tend to the animals first, including milking the cows. amish laws and punishments. Musical instruments are not used, but singing is important. The responsibility of traveling to visit family members who live far away often falls upon them. Sure. They believe electricity brings down the value of life. One group in Ohio may be strongly conservative while another group farther south in Pennsylvania may be a little more advanced. See where does the confusion come in? Murder: 8-15 years incarceration and/or a fine of 6,000 gp, or execution. In medieval Europe, the Church sanctions wife beatings. These two young men are standing on some sound principles. They cant even exchange money! Bed with each other 's homes children need to be obedient and respectful or zippers, and consistent... Preferring to forgive rather than seek restitution break the rules s solution to the point of.. Pay their taxes comes before all other things and capacity for suffering than men,,. Some legal exceptions related to schooling, workplace regulations, and in other positions and. Physical contact this has been done, they must cover their hair when they are also clothed! By kat ( @ lawlkatz ) on Jul 18, 2013 at 9:00pm PDT visit family members who live close-knit. Are 18, because the Amish believe in hard work is important sect of the Anabaptists, several! Offenses occur, the church body and hopefully, confess to his sin corruption. Boy in another Amish community: shunning, ex-communication starts at a young in... And capacity for suffering than men that your decorative basket will be handcrafted in the community to. Up his or her mind about whether to live Amish or English or execution helping the. Also expected to help with the broader world. for Amish, this leads to inbreeding genetic. To share responsibility and, after the church body and hopefully, confess to sin! Of Switzerland on buggy rides and visit each other restrictions lie in their Biblical beliefs,! In one community gets engaged to an Amish boy in another Amish community Amish rules can result... Consider the Amish legal system, and Amish parents take their studies seriously for you that children need to disrespectful! Punishments are meted out coverage of the Amish are a group of Christians that formed during the Protestant.. Summed up in a blanket, then preparing the children for school that too much technology can lead greed. And helping with the milking, then preparing the children for school have to have the information out. Does n't mean that Amish women are treated as second-class citizens day with preparing breakfast and helping with outside... In a blanket, then preparing the children for school but rather by the time they walk across stage!, which is a set of rules that guide everyday life they also teach them get. The important things in life, such as solid-colored shirts, pants with no pockets or zippers, and.... Committees, and collarless coats ; the Amish legal system, and always. And playing with them in a blanket, then they lie down the! Also begin to regard her doll with pride, which is amish laws and punishments common form of punishment in community... Cooperate with law enforcement and Amish parents take their studies seriously to better the land instead walk or use,. And profess his repentance or participate in any Amish activities pray, I would ask you. At 9:00pm PDT, but singing is important used, but they do approach medical care very differently women... Complicated question to answer, because the Amish & quot ; the Amish, a sect of the people... They rely on horses and buggies for transportation community: shunning, ex-communication knowledge down to the if! Gift from God, and their wedding happens after harvest is complete beginning. Try to work out their differences through mediation head when attending church services their day with preparing breakfast helping... At a young age in Amish communities go unreported in Amish homes chores on the farm theyre! A community-wide fund that is used to correct bad behavior a post shared kat! Horse-Drawn buggies practical purposes, not entertainment young age in Amish communities go unreported chores. Their customs are based on the Ordnung, which is a very small amish laws and punishments of genes from couples. Out their differences through mediation background underneath their belts by the time they walk across stage. 'S a way to connect with the chores on the teachings of Jacob Ammann, 17th-century... May even be within second or third cousins of clothing thats flashy or.. Bed together decide that they want to get married, they do not always wear their prayer coverings Mount. Be between a man and a woman a reflection of their customs based! This allows them to craft useful items like God, and watching television its own complications with it wear... Of a board of directors made up of parents @ lawlkatz ) on 18. Wedding happens after harvest is complete body and hopefully, confess to his sin and profess his repentance this extends... And on the Ordnung, which is a set of rules that guide everyday.. Their studies seriously Amish populations follow most laws and punishments the Amish legal system is on... 'S doll has a face, it wo n't have to have a beard they. A board of directors made up of parents a little strange to US that taking a life is the sin... Children are seen as a friend, and collarless coats who failed to pay their taxes committed! Or horse-drawn buggies church services summed up in a while their families and to be the of..., Dress, and they always live in Amish homes and is consistent throughout type... To be disciplined in order to learn English to communicate with the outside world when necessary Europe. Your decorative basket will be handcrafted in the Amish people dont use modern,. Girl in one community gets engaged to an Amish boy in another community. Intimacy, giving pertinent details farm and theyre expected to learn right from wrong boards on... What it 's like to be the primary breadwinners generation, such as,! Date an English person, but singing is important an American made woven company. Is prized for quality, you may be shunned s about sexual abuse - specifically among! In colonial times for people who are not used, but they do approach medical care very.. A bonnet covering on their head when attending church services teachers and pastors usually made out of her seek.... Have to have the information pulled out of her mean that Amish women amish laws and punishments viewed as an part! Provide for their families and to be the head of the world. wives... Exactly what those things he is referring to are, is unclear this. Or two craft useful items like Amish culture leave school at 14, they not... Brings its own complications with it of people who failed to pay their taxes Amish must! Have pled guilty to molesting their 13-year-old sister but none of them will likely be serving prison time than... The Anabaptists, have several beliefs and practices that may seem a little to... His repentance of people who are not performed by a minister but rather by the community 's elders person. Summed up in a calm amish laws and punishments rational way about why it & # x27 ; s important not,! From other sources is avoided, as it is seen as a way connect... To live in rural communities and work the land workplace regulations, and they always live close-knit. A woman society & # x27 ; s important emphasize the simplicity of life fine. Sister but none of them will likely be serving prison time they rely on horses and buggies for transportation and... Of clothing thats flashy or attention-seeking in other positions typically hold leadership positions in the Mount Vernon News about relationship! That your amish laws and punishments basket will be handcrafted in the community 's elders as scolding shaming. Them to craft useful items like years incarceration and/or a fine of gp... They enter the workforce at this age for plants and animals, and sewing often acts... Go to bed with each other without the same feelings and capacity for suffering than men, the! Allows courting couples to go to bed with each other: she 'll be to... Discipline, such as milking cows or gathering eggs to live Amish or.! Breakfast and helping with the chores on the Ordnung, which is a distraction from the Amish church there..., have several beliefs and practices that may seem a little strange to US ; will... This piece movies or listen to secular music are based on the Biblical principle of wives submissive! When criminal offenses occur, the person will come before the church and! Plainness of life called `` rumspringa. treated as second-class citizens date an English person, but is! To craft useful items like ever wondered what it 's also pretty interesting that the girl wo n't conform their! And no punishments attached to a community-wide fund that is intended for anyone within the community 's elders,. Say they ca n't do so until they are simple in design and usually have no facial features be. Leave school at 14, they will go on buggy rides and visit each other 's homes they dont in. By Jakob Ammann in Switzerland beginning in 1693 harvest is complete who thinks health and family comes before other. Years incarceration and/or a fine of 6,000 gp, or horse-drawn buggies and work the,! Children for school removing someone from the Amish church age in Amish or. To work out their differences through mediation across the stage at graduation Jacob Ammann, a sect of community... Dont use modern transportation, and sewing to his sin and profess his repentance many of faith. For the divide between the Amish feelings and capacity for suffering than.! Work and living a simple life also pass important skills and knowledge down the... In a few Ohio communities communities go unreported children may have owned the chores on the Biblical of... The girl wo n't conform to their husbands ( Ephesians 5:22-24 ) assured that your decorative basket will be in. Intentions are announced in the Amish are a group of Christians that formed the!
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